Mineral Nutrition

The growth of plants in a mineral nutrient solution essential for plants is known as
1. Hydroponics
2. Macromolecules
3. Nutrient minerals
4. Micromolecules
____________ is extensively used as a technique for the commercial production of vegetables such as tomato, seedless cucumber and lettuce.
1. Hydroponics
2. Macromolecules
3. Nutrient minerals
4. Nutrient solutions
It should be ensured that the _______________ must be adequately aerated to obtain the optimum growth.
1. Nutrient solutions
2. Hydroponics
3. Macromolecules
4. Nutrient minerals
Nitrogen is an important constituent of
1. Proteins
2. Carbohydrates
3. Polyphosphates
4. Lipids
The concentration of the essential element below which plant growth is retarded is termed as
1. Critical concentration
2. Deficient
3. None of these
4. Morphological changes
Each element has one or more specific structural or functional role in plants, in the absence of any particular element, plants show certain morphological changes. These morphological changes are indicative of certain element deficiencies and are called
1. Deficiency symptoms
2. Critical concentration
3. Deficient
4. None of these
_____________ helps to maintain an anion-cation balance in cells and is involved in protein synthesis, opening and closing of stomata, activation of enzymes and in the maintenance of the turgidity of cells.
1. Potassium
2. Calcium
3. Phosphorus
4. Nitrogen
___________ activates the enzymes of respiration, photosynthesis and are involved in the synthesis of DNA and RNA.
1. Mg²⁺
2. Fe³⁺
3. K⁺
4. Ca²⁺
The requirement of micronutrients is always in low amounts while their moderate decrease causes _____________ and a moderate increase causes ______________.
1. Deficiency symptoms and Toxicity
2. Critical concentrations and Toxicity
3. Deficiency symptoms and Critical concentrations
4. None of these
Denitrification is carried out by
1. Pseudomonas and Thiobacillus
2. Nitrobacter and Nitrosocccus
3. Nitrosomonas and Pseudomonas
4. Nitrosomonas and Nitrosocccus
Mineral salts are translocated through xylem along with the ascending stream of water, which is pulled up through the plant by
1. Transpirational pull
2. Active process
3. Xylem
4. Flux
The entry or exit of ions to and from the symplast requires the expenditure of metabolic energy, which is an _____________.
1. Active process
2. Passive process
3. Active movement
4. Passive movement
The outward movement of ions into the cells is called
1. Efflux
2. Influx
3. Active movement
4. Passive movement
The process of conversion of nitrogen (N₂) to ammonia is termed as
1. Nitrogen fixation
2. Ammonia fixation
3. Nitrogen cycle
4. Ammonia cycle
Decomposition of organic nitrogen of dead plants and animals into ammonia is called
1. Ammonification
2. Ammonia fixation
3. Ammonia cycle
4. None of these
Ammonia is oxidised to nitrite by
1. Nitrococcus
2. Thiobacillus
3. Pseudomonas
4. Nitrobacter
The nitrite is oxidised to nitrate with the help of the
1. Nitrobacter
2. Nitrococcus
3. Nitrosomonas
4. Thiobacillus
Ammonia is first oxidised to nitrite by the bacteria. The nitrite is further oxidised to nitrate with the help of the bacterium. These steps are called
1. Nitrification
2. Chemoautotrophs
3. Nitrogen fixation
4. Denitrification
Ammonia is first oxidised to nitrite by the bacteria. The nitrite is further oxidised to nitrate with the help of the bacterium. These nitrifying bacteria are
1. Chemoautotrophs
2. Pseudomonas
3. Thiobacillus
4. None of these
Nitrate present in the soil is reduced to nitrogen by the process of
1. Denitrification
2. Nitrosomonas
3. Nitrogen fixation
4. Nitrification
Reduction of nitrogen to ammonia by living organisms is called
1. Biological nitrogen fixation
2. Nitrification
3. Denitrification
4. Nitrogen fixation
The enzyme, nitrogenase which is capable of nitrogen reduction is present exclusively in prokaryotes. Such microbes are called
1. N₂ - fixers
2. Nitrification
3. Symbiotic
4. Nitrogen reduction
_____________ involves a sequence of multiple interactions between rhizobium and roots of the host plant.
1. Nodule formation
2. Nitrogen reduction
3. Nitrogen-fixers
4. Nitrification
The ___________ contains all the necessary biochemical components, such as the enzyme nitrogenase and leghaemoglobin.
1. Nodule
2. Rhizobium
3. Anabaena
4. Nostoc
Several types of symbiotic biological nitrogen fixing associations are known. The most prominent among them is the _____________.
1. Legume-bacteria
2. Nitrogenase
3. Leghaemoglobin
4. Rhizobium
The enzyme ____________ is highly sensitive to the molecular oxygen.
1. Nitrogenase
2. Leghaemoglobin
3. Rhizobium
4. Frankia
____________ is a limiting nutrient for both natural and agricultural eco-systems.
1. Nitrogen
2. Ammonia
3. Carbon
4. Phosphorus
In ___________ processes, ammonia reacts with α-ketoglutaric acid and forms glutamic acid.
1. Reductive Amination
2. Transamination
3. Ammonification
4. None of these
______________ involves the transfer of amino group from one amino acid to the keto group of a keto acid.
1. Transamination
2. Reductive Amination
3. Ammonification
4. None of these
_____________ is required by all parts of a plant, particularly the meristematic tissues and the metabolically active cells.
1. Nitrogen
2. Phosphorus
3. Potassium
4. Calcium
In the below figure, A and B represent
1. A: Ammonification, B: Denitrification
2. A: Dentrification, B: Ammonification
3. A: Dentrification, B: Mineralisation
4. A: Mineralisation, B: Denitrification
___________ is essential for the water-splitting reaction in photosynthesis.
1. Chlorine
2. Iron
3. Nitrogen
4. Potassium
Minerals are absorbed in the form of
1. Ions
2. Molecules
3. Compounds
4. Mixtures
Nitrifying bacteria convert
1. Ammonia to nitrate
2. Nitrogen into soluble form
3. Ammonia to nitrogen
4. Nitrate to nitrogen
Which one of the following is not a micronutrient?
1. Mg
2. B
3. Mo
4. Zn
___________ is required for uptake and utilisation of Ca²⁺, membrane functioning, pollen germination, cell elongation, cell differentiation and carbohydrate translocation.
1. Boron
2. Molybdenum
3. Zinc
4. Manganese
Which of the following is macronutrient?
1. Ca
2. Mo
3. Mn
4. Zn
__________ is required by meristematic and differentiating tissues.
1. Calcium
2. Potassium
3. Iron
4. Sulphur
Micronutrients/trace elements are those that
1. Are present/required in small quantities in plants
2. Can be removed from the plant without any effect on it
3. Form very small molecules in plants
4. Play a minor role in plant nutrition
In plants chlorosis is caused by the deficinecy of
1. All of these
2. Nitrogen
3. Magnesium
4. Manganese
_____________ is the main constituent of several coenzymes, vitamins (thiamine, biotin, Coenzyme A) and ferredoxin.
1. Sulphur
2. Iron
3. Zinc
4. Molybdenum
Which of the following group is of micro-elements?
1. Cu, Mo, Zn, Fe
2. Mn, Cu, Ca, Ni
3. Na, K, B, Zn
4. Na, Ni, Cl, K
N₂ + 8e^– + 16ATP → 2NH₃ + H₂ + 16ADP + 16P_i
The above equation refers to
1. Nitrogen fixation
2. Ammonification
3. Nitrification
4. Denitrification
_____________ produces nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of non-leguminous plants.
1. Frankia
2. Azotobacter
3. Nitrification
4. Denitrification
The prominent symptom of ____________ toxicity is the appearance of brown spots surrounded by chlorotic veins.
1. Manganese
2. Iron
3. Calcium
4. Magnesium
Which of the following is not an essential micronutrient?
1. Nickel
2. Boron
3. Manganese
4. Molybdenum
Hydroponics is a technique in which plants are grown in
1. Balanced nutrient solution
2. Green house
3. Water saturated sand
4. Purified distilled water
The group of mineral nutrients known as frame work elements are
1. Mg, Fe, Zn
2. N, S, P
3. C, H, O
4. Zn, Mn, Cu
Which element is required in comparatively least quantity for the growth of plant?
1. Zn
2. N
3. P
4. Ca
Generally plants absorbed N₂ in the form of
1. NO₃⁻
2. N
3. P
4. Ca
Sulphur is major constituents of
1. Vitamins
2. Sugars
3. Hormones
4. Fats
Minerals absorbed by roots move to the leaf through
1. Xylem
2. Sieve tubes
3. Phloem
4. None of these
Plants absorb mineral salts from the soil solution through
1. A semipermeable membrane into the cytoplasm
2. Perforations at the apex of root hair cells
3. The cell wall which is semipermeable
4. None of these
The function of leghaemoglobin in the root nodules of legumes is
1. Oxygen removal
2. Inhibition of nitrogenase activity
3. Nodule differentiation
4. Expression of nif gene
Which of the following can fix atmospheric nitrogen?
1. Anabaena
2. Albugo
3. Cystopus
4. Saprolegnia
Active transport from outside to inside of molecule across a member requires
1. ATP
2. Cyclic AMP
3. Acetylcholine
4. Phospholipid
Boron in green plants assist in
1. Sugar transport
2. Activation of enzymes
3. Acting as enzyme cofactor
4. Photosynthesis
Nitrifying bacteria __________.
1. Oxidize ammonia to nitrates
2. Convert free nitrogen to nitrogen compounds
3. Convert proteins into ammonia
4. Reduce nitrates to free nitrogen
Macro-element found in phosphorylation reactions is
1. Phosphorous
2. Convert free nitrogen to nitrogen compounds
3. Convert proteins into ammonia
4. Reduce nitrates to free nitrogen
Plants can be grown in
1. Either water or soil with essential nutrients
2. Water with essential nutrients
3. Soil with essential nutrients
4. Water or soil without essential nutrients
Which one of the following statements can best explain the term critical concentration of an essential element?
1. Essential element concentration below which plant growth is retarded
2. Essential element concentration below which plant growth becomes stunted
3. Essential element concentration below which plant remains in the vegetative phase
4. None of these
Reaction carried out by N₂ fixing microbes include
i) 2NH₃ + 3O₂ → 2NO₂⁻ + 2H⁺ + 2H²O
ii) 2NO₂⁻ + O₂ → 2NO₃sup>−
Which of the following statements about these equations is not true?
1. Bacteria carrying out these steps are usually photoautotrophs
2. (i) is carried out by Nitrosomonas or Nitrococcus
3. (ii) is carried out by Nitrobacter
4. Both (i) and (ii) can be called nitrification
Plants use Zinc as
1. Zn²⁺
2. Zn
3. ZnSO₄
4. Zn(NO₃)²
Major role of phosphorus in plant metabolism is
1. Generate metabolic energy
2. O₂ - evolution during photosynthesis
3. Create anaerobic conditions
4. CO₂ - evolution during respiration
Which of the following statement is wrong?
1. Phosphorous is constituent of cell membranes, certain nucleic acids and all proteins
2. Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter are chemoautotrophs
3. Root nodule forming nitrogen fixers live as aerobes under free living state
4. Anabaena and Nostoc are capable of fixing nitrogen in free state
Nitrogen fixing symbiotic bacteria present in a legume root is
1. Rhizobium
2. Azotobacter
3. Nitrobacter
4. Nitrosomonas
Leghaemoglobin is the
1. Haemoglobin like red pigments found in the root nodules of legumes
2. Haemoglobin of annelids
3. Nitrogen fixing pigment
4. Respiratory pigment supplying oxygen to animal legs
Zn is needed in the
1. Synthesis of auxin
2. RNA synthesis
3. Stomatal movements
4. Synthesis of chlorophyll