Evolution

Stellar distances are measured in
1. Kilometers
2. Meters
3. Nanometers
4. Light years
Read the following statements and find out the incorrect statement.
(a) The universe is almost 20 million years old.
(b) Huge clusters of galaxies comprise the universe.
(c) Galaxies contain stars and clouds of gas and dust.
(d) Considering the size of earth, universe is indeed a speck.
(e) Big bang theory attempts to explain the origin of universe.
1. a,b and c
2. b and c
3. a and d
4. Only a
Chemical theory for origin of life was given by
1. Stanley Miller
2. Oparin and Haldane
3. Spallanzani
4. Louis Pasteur
The first life on earth originated from nonliving materials has been explained by
1. Theory of biogenesis
2. Theory of abiogenesis
3. Theory of special creation
4. Theory of extra-terrestrial origin
“Every cell of the body contributes gemmules to the germ cells and so shares in the transmission of inherited characters” This theory is known as
1. Theory of inheritance of acquired characteristic
2. Theory of germplasm
3. Theory of pangenesis
4. Theory of extra-terrestrial origin
Organic compounds evolved on earth and required for origin of life were
1. Proteins and nucleic acids
2. Urea and amino acids
3. Proteins and amino acids
4. Urea and nucleic acids
Scientists believes that life on earth originated by
1. Spontaneous generation
2. Chemical evolution/Abiogenesis
3. Special creation
4. Extraterrestrial transfer
In early earth, water and carbon dioxide was produced by the combination of O2 with
1. Ammonia and methane
2. Organic matter
3. Hydrogen sulphide
4. Sulphates and nitrates
Which of the following amino acids was not found to be synthesised in Miller's experiment?
1. Alanine
2. Glycine
3. Aspartic acid
4. Glutamic acid
Extra-terrestrial origin of life was proposed by theory of
1. Catastrophism
2. Spontaneous generation
3. Special creation
4. Panspermia
Experiment to prove that synthesis of organic compounds formed the basis of origin of life was performed by
1. Oparin
2. Haldane
3. Miller
4. Fox
Theory of abiogenesis or spontaneous generation was finally disapproved by
1. Louis Pasteur
2. A.I.Oparin
3. A.B. Wallace
4. Sidney Fox
Atmosphere of earth just before the origin of life consisted of
1. Water vapours, CH, NH, and Oxygen
2. CO₂, NH, and CH₄
3. CH₄, NH₃, H₂ and water vapours
4. CH₄, 0₃, 0₂ and water vapours
Miller's experiment provided evidence is theory of
1. Special creation
2. Biogenesis
3. Abiogenesis
4. Organic evolution
Experimental proof that organic compounds formed the basis of evolution was given by
1. Oparin
2. Pasteur
3. Miller and Urey
4. Spallanzani
Swan-necked flask experiment was performed by
1. Louis Pasteur
2. Robert Koch
3. Francisco Redi
4. Aristotle
Spark discharge apparatus for testing chemical origin of life was designed by
1. Urey and Miller
2. Jacob and Monod
3. Oparin and Haldane
4. Dixon and Joly
Gaseous mixture used by Miller for synthesis of amino acids through heat and electric discharge included
1. Methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water vapours
2. Methane, ammonia, nitrogen and water vapours
3. Nitrogen, methane, oxygen and water
4. Ammonia, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water vapours
Approximate age of earth (in million years) is
1. 3600
2. 4500
3. 7200
4. 6000
Most advanced theory of origin of life is that of
1. Catastrophic
2. Haldane and Oparin
3. Cosmozoic
4. Spontaneous
Which is the most important for origin of life?
1. Oxygen
2. Water
3. Nitrogen
4. Carbon
Theory of spontaneous creation was supported by
1. Van Halmont
2. Redi
3. Spallanzani
4. Pasteur
One of the greatest advocates of the theory of special creation was
1. C. Darwin
2. Aristotle
3. Father Saurez
4. Huxley
Which was absent in the atmosphere at the time of origin of life?
1. NH₃
2. H₂
3. O₂
4. CH₄
Theory of pangenesis was given by
1. Darwin
2. Lamarck
3. Hugo ds Vries
4. Oparin
Life cannot originate from inorganic materials now because of
1. Low atmospheric temperature
2. High degree of pollution
3. High atmospheric oxygen
4. Absence of raw materials
Presence of NaCl in body fluid indicates that life originated in
1. Primitive ocean
2. Rain water lakes
3. Salt solution
4. All the above
First photosynthetic organisms to appear on earth were
1. Bacteria
2. Green algae
3. Cyanobacteria
4. Bryophytes
Choose the correct sequence during formation of chemicals on early earth
1. Ammonia, Water, Nucleic acid, Protein
2. Ammonia, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic acid
3. Ammonia, Nucleic acid, Proteins, Carbohydrates
4. Proteins, Carbohydrate, Water, Nucleic acid
Russian scientist who proposed the theory of origin of life was
1. Oparin
2. Haldane
3. Miller
4. Fox
Oparin's theory is based on
1. Artificial synthesis
2. Spontaneous generation
3. God's Creation
4. Panspermia
Which one is considered the first biological catalyst when life originated on earth?
1. RNA
2. DNA
3. Protein
4. Lipid
Choose the wrong statement.
1. Louis Pasteur demonstrated that life comes only form pre-existing life.
2. S.L. Miller observed that electric discharge in a flask containing CH₄, H₇, NH₂ and water vapours at 800°C formed amino acids.
3. Flippers of penguins and dolphins are examples of homology
4. Analogous structures are the result of convergent evolution.
Biogenetic law/recapitulation theory was proposed by
1. Wallace
2. Lamarck
3. Haeckel
4. Mendel
"Continuity of germplasm" theory was given
1. De Vries
2. Weismann
3. Darwin
4. Lamarck
Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany is located in
1. Lucknow
2. Delhi
3. Kolkata
4. Kanpur
Presence of gill slits in the embryos of all vertebrates supports the theory of
1. Organic evolution
2. Biogenesis
3. Metamorphosis
4. Recapitulation
Similarities between organisms of different genotypes is due to
1. Convergent evolution
2. Divergent evolution
3. Microevolution
4. Macroevolution
Analogous organs are
1. Different origin but similar functions
2. Common origin and common functions
3. Different origin and different functions
4. Common origin but different functions
Homologous organs are
1. Wings of Pigeon and Butterfly
2. Wings of Pigeon and Housefly
3. Wings of Pigeon and arms of Humans
4. Wings of Bat, Housefly and Butterfly
Resemblance between widely different groups due to a common adaptation is
1. Parallel evolution
2. Divergent evolution
3. Convergent evolution
4. Retrogressive evolution
Homologous organs are
1. Wings of insects and Bat
2. Gills of Fish and lungs of Rabbit
3. Pectoral fins of Fish and fore limbs of Horse
4. Wings of Grasshopper and Crow
Which one correctly describes homologous structures?
1. Organs with anatomical similarities but performing different functions
2. Organs with anatomical dissimilarities but perform ing same function
3. Organs that have no function now but had an important function in ancestors
4. Organs appearing only in embryonic stage and disappearing later in the adult
Convergent evolution is illustrated by
1. Rat and Dog
2. Bacterium and Protozoan
3. Starfish and Cuttle fish
4. Dogfish and Whale
Which of the following pairs of structures is homologous?
1. Wings of Grasshopper and forelimbs of Flying Squirrel
2. Tentacles of Hydra and arms of Starfish
3. Forelimbs of a Bat and forelegs of a Horse
4. Wings of a birds and wings of a Moth
Which is relatively most accurate method of dating of fossils?
1. Radiocarbon method
2. Potassium-Argon method
3. Electron spin-resonance method
4. Uranium-lead method
Closely related species with different traits exhibit
1. Convergent evolution
2. Divergent evolution
3. Parallel evolution
4. None of the above
Potato and Sweet potato have edible parts which are
1. Homologous
2. Analogous
3. Recent introductions
4. Two species of the same genus
Which one provides direct and solid evidence in favour of organic evolution through ages?
1. Atavism
2. Paleontology/fossils
3. Vestigial organs
4. Galapagos island fauna
Tachyglossus is connecting link between
1. Reptiles and mammals
2. Reptiles and birds
3. Amphibians and reptiles
4. Birds and mammals
Vestiges of girdles are found in
1. Rattle snake
2. Krait
3. Cobra
4. Python
Evidence for evolution from fossils belong to the
1. Biogeography
2. Embryology
3. Paleontology
4. Anatomy
Example of homologous structures is/are
1. Optic lobes of brain
2. Heart of vertebrates
3. Cerebrum of brain
4. All of these
Which is incorrect?
1. Wings of insects and bat are homologous
2. Wings of insects and bats are analogous
3. Wings of bats and birds are homologous
4. Wings of insects and birds are analogous
Forelimbs of humans and Wings of birds are
1. Analogous organs
2. Homologous organs
3. Parallel organs
4. Vestigial organs
The process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and literally radiating to other areas of geography (habitats) is called
1. Adaptive convergence
2. Adaptive radiation
3. Natural selection
4. Convergent evolution
Hugo de Vries works on the mutation in
1. First decade of nineteenth century
2. First decade of twentieth century
3. First decade of eighteenth century
4. Last decade of nineteenth century
Original features of Darwin's finches in Galapagos islands were adapted for
1. Flesh eating
2. Insect eating
3. Fish eating
4. Seed eating
Which of the following pair is incorrectly matched with repect to convergent evolution?
1. Lemur - Spotter cuscus
2. Flying squirrel - Flying phalanger
3. Anteater - Numbat
4. Bobcat - Tasmanian lion cat
Theory of inheritance of acquired characters was given by
1. Wallace
2. Lamarck
3. Darwin
4. De Vries
According to Darwin, diversity as found in Australian marsupials is due to
1. Convergent evolution
2. Adaptive radiation
3. Parallel radiation
4. Parallel evolution
Darwin judged the fitness of individual through
1. Ability to defend
2. Strategy for obtaining food
3. Number of offspring
4. Dominance over others
A theory explaining the mechanism of evolution based on change of gene structure was forward by
1. De Vries
2. Darwin
3. Lamarck
4. Wallace
According to Darwin, evolution is
1. Sudden but discontinuous process
2. Slow, gradual, continuous process
3. Slow, sudden and discontinuous process
4. Slow and discontinuous process
An evolutionary pattern characterised by a rapid increase in number of kinds of closely related species is called
1. Divergent evolution
2. Convergent evolution
3. Adaptive radiation
4. Parallel evolution
Naturalist who sailed round the world in ship Beagle was
1. Charles Lyell
2. Charles Darwin
3. Alfred Wallace
4. Lamarck
Darwin's finches occur in
1. Australia
2. Galapagos Islands
3. Siberia
4. India
The idea of natural selection as fundamental process of evolutionary changes was reached
1. By Charles Darwin in 1866
2. Alfred Russel Wallace in 1901
3. Independently by Darwin and Russel in 1859
4. Independently by Darwin and Russel in 1900
Which cannot be explained by Lamarckism?
1. Loss of tail by humans
2. Elongation of neck in Giraffe
3. Weak progeny of a Nobel laureate
4. None of the above
Darwin in his “Natural Selection Theory” did not believe in any role of which one of the following ?
1. Parasites and predators as natural enemies
2. Survival of the fittest
3. Struggle for existence
4. Discontinuous variations
Which one of the following sequences was proposed by Darwin and Wallace for organic evolution?
1. Overproduction, variations, constancy of population size, natural selection
2. Variations, constancy of population size, overproduction, natural selection
3. Overproduction, constancy of population size,variations, natural selection
4. Variations, natural selection, overproduction, constancy of population size
Darwin's theory state that
1. Characters are acquired through inheritance
2. Species change morphologically with time
3. Nature selects organisms which can adapts
4. Evolution is due to effect of environment
What is true for Lamarck?
1. American botanist who later became zoologist
2. English naturalist who propounded theory of evolution
3. British scientist who gave law of genetic
4. French scientist who gave "Inheritances of Acquired Characters."
Tasmanian Wolf is a marsupial while Wolf is a placental mammal. This shows
1. Convergent evolution
2. Divergent evolution
3. Parallelism
4. Inheritance of acquired characters
Dark coloured Peppered Moth is able to survive in industrial areas as compared to light coloured form because of
1. High fecundity
2. Mimicry
3. Natural selection in smoky environment
4. Lethal mutation
Presence of different types of beaks in finches of Galapagos Islands adapted to different feeding habit provides evidence for
1. Intraspecific variations
2. Natural selection
3. Intraspecific competition
4. Interspecific competition
Which one provides correct sequence of events in origin of new species according to Darwinism?
1. Natural selection
2. Variations and their inheritance
3. Survival of the fittest
4. Struggle for existence
1. 1,2,3,4
2. 2,3,1,4
3. 3,4,1,2
4. 4,2,3,1
The ship in which Darwin travelled was
1. Baegle
2. Beagle
3. Beagel
4. Baegel
Darwin was most influenced by
1. Lamarck's theory of acquired characters
2. Weismann's theory of germplasm
3. Wallace's theory of origin of species
4. Essay on Population by Malthus
T.R. Malthus is famous for his book on
1. Population
2. Mathematics
3. Geography
4. Genetics
Weismann cut of tail of mice generation after generation but tail neither disappeared nor shortened showing that
1. Darwin was correct
2. Tail is an essential organ
3. Mutation theory is wrong
4. Lamarckism was wrong in inheritance of acquired characters
'Origin of Species' was written by
1. Oparin
2. Weismann
3. Lamarck
4. Darwin
'Philosophic Zoologique' was written by
1. De Vries
2. Lamarck
3. Mendel
4. Spencer
Hugo de Vries worked on the plant
1. Garden Pea/Pisum sativum
2. Sweat Pea/Lathyrus odoratus
3. Primula sinensis
4. Evening Primrose/Oenothera lamarckiana
Choose the wrong statement regarding Hardy-Weinberg principle.
1. Sum total of all the allelic frequencies in a population is 1.
2. Variation due to genetic drift results in changed frequency of genes and alleles in future generations.
3. Natural selection can lead to stabilisation, directional change or disruption.
4. Genetic recombination helps in maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
During the growth of any population more individuals acquires peripheral character value at both en distribution curve which lead to the
1. Stabilisation
2. Directional change
3. Disruption
4. Either Directional change or Disruption
In a population of 1000 individuals, 360 belong to genotype aa, 480 to Aa and remaining 160 to aa. Based on this data, the frequency of allele A in the population is
1. 0.5
2. 0.6
3. 0.7
4. 0.4
Gene pool of a population tendsto remain stable if the population is large, without large scale mutations, without migration and with
1. Random mating
2. Moderate environmental changes
3. Natural selection
4. Reduction in predators
New species develop due to
1. Isolation and mutation
2. Competition and mutation
3. Isolation and competition
4. Isolation and variation
Which is most important for speciation?
1. Seasonal isolation
2. Reproductive isolation
3. Temporal isolation
4. Behavioural isolation
Some bacteria can grow in streptomycin containing medium due to
1. Induced mutation
2. Natural selection
3. Reproductive isolation
4. Mimicry
Formation of new species from pre-existing ones is
1. Mutation
2. Speciation
3. Isolation
4. Polyploidy
Speciation in geographically separated region is
1. Sibling
2. Geopatric
3. Sympatric
4. Allopatric
In which condition gene ratio remains constant in a species?
1. Gene flow
2. Mutation
3. Random mating
4. Sexual selection
In random mating population in equilibrium, which of the following brings about a change in gene frequency in a non-directional manner
1. Mutations
2. Random drift
3. Selection
4. Migration
Change in frequency of alleles in population results in evolution as proposed by
1. De Vries theory
2. Hardy-Weinberg principle
3. Darwin's theory
4. Lamarck's theory
What is correct formulation of Hardy Weinberg law?
1. p² + 2pq + q² = 1
2. p² + pq + q² = 1
3. p² + 2pq+q² = 0
4. p² + pq+q² = 0
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is influenced by geneflow, genetic drift, mutation, genetic recombination and
1. Evolution
2. Limiting factor
3. Over-production
4. Natural selection
Concept of genetic drift was introduced by
1. Sewall Wright
2. Hardy Weinberg
3. Julian Huxley
4. G. G. Simpson
Hardy-Weinberg principle cannot operate if
1. Population is large
2. Free interbreeding among all members
3. Frequent mutations occur in population
4. Population does not interact with other population
Read the statements (i - iv) and choose the correct option.
i. Increase in melanised moths after industrialization in Great Britain is a proof of Natural Selection
ii. More individuals acquiring mean character valuecause disruption
iii. Change in allelic frequency leads to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
iv. Genetic drift changes allelic frequency in futuregenerations
1. ii is correct
2. i is correct
3. i and iv are correct
4. i and iïi are correct
Fish with stout and strong fins could move on land and go back to water. This was about
1. 350 mya
2. 320 mya
3. 500 mya
4. 200 mya
In ...a..., a fish caught in ...b..., happened to be a ...c...which was thought to be extinct. These animals are called ...d... evolved into the first ...e....
1. a—1891,b—South America,c—Ichthyosaurs,d—lobefins,e—amphibians
2. a—1938, b—South America, c—Icthyophis, d—coelacanth, e—reptiles
3. a—1891, b—North America, c—coelacanth, d—lobefins, e—amphibians
4. a—1938, b —South Africa, c—coelacanth, d—lobefins, e—amphibians
In human being vestigial organs are
1. Wisdom tooth, coccyx, nail, eyelid and vermiform appendix
2. Wisdom tooth, coccyx, vermiform appendix,pancreas and elbow joint
3. Wisdom tooth, coccyx, vermiform appendix,nictitating membrane and auricular muscles
4. Coccyx, wisdom tooth, nail, auricular muscles
Dinosaurs disappeared during
1. Jurassic
2. Triassic
3. Cretaceous
4. Permian
A bird with teeth is
1. Kiwi
2. Ostrich/King vulture
3. Dodo
4. Archaeopteryx
Correct order is
1. Palaeozoic ........Archaeozoic ........Coenozoic
2. Archaeozoic .........Palaeozoic ............Proterozoic
3. Palaeozoic ..........Mesozoic ...........Coenozoic
4. Mesozoic .............Archaeozoic ........Proterozoic
Age of mammals and birds is
1. Mesozoic
2. Coenozoic
3. Archaeozoic
4. Palaeozoic
Homo sapiens a rise in
1. Africa
2. Ethiopia and Tanzania
3. South American grasslands
4. Central and East Asia
Extinct human ancestor who ate only fruits and hunted with stone weapons was
1. Australopithecus
2. Dryopithecus
3. Ramapithecus
4. Homo erectus
The hominid fossils discovered in Java in 1891 revealed a stage in human evolution which was called
1. Homo erectus
2. Dryopithecus
3. Australopithecus
4. Homo habilis
Fossil man having cranial capacity similar to that of modern man was
1. Australopithecus
2. Java Ape Man
3. Neanderthal Man
4. Peking Man
Which one of the following was the first to stand erect/ show bipedal movement?
1. Peking Man
2. Australopithecus
3. Java Man
4. Cro-Magnon Man
Fossil man expert in making cave paintings and tools was
1. Cro-Magnon Man
2. Peking Man
3. Java Man
4. Neanderthal Man
Maximum resemblance of today's man is with
1. Australopithecus
2. Cro-Magnon Man
3. Java Man
4. Neanderthal Man
Cranial capacity of Neanderthal Man was
1. 1400 cc
2. 1300 cc
3. 1200 cc
4. 1100 cc
Which is the most primitive ancestor of man?
1. Ramapithecus
2. Australopithecus
3. Homo habilis
4. Homo neanderthalensis
Cranial capacity of humans is
1. 915 cc
2. 1450 cc
3. 1600 cc
4. 1700 cc
Primitive Man who built up dwelling huts and buried its dead was
1. Java Ape Man
2. Cro-Magnon Man
3. Peking Man
4. Neanderthal Man
The continent where maximum fossils of prehistoric man have been found is
1. Asia
2. Africa
3. Europe
4. America
Which one is connected with human evolution?
1. Binocular vision
2. Flatnails
3. Loss of tail
4. Shortening of jaws
Correct sequence of stages in evolution of Modern Man/Homo sapiens sapiens is
1. Australopithecus, Neanderthal Man, Cro-MagnonMan, Homo erectus, Modern Man
2. Australopithecus, Homo erectus, Neanderthal Man,Cro-Magnon Man, Modern Man
3. Neanderthal Man, Australopithecus, Cro-MagnonMan, Hoco erectus, Modern Man
4. Homo erectus, Australopithecus, Neanderthal Man,Cro-Magnon Man, Modern Man
Which is correct order of increasing geological time scale for a hypothetical vertebrate evolution?
1. Cenozoic, mesozoic, palaeozoic, precambrian
2. Cenozoic, palaeozoic, mesozoic, precambrian
3. Precambrian, cenozoic, palaeozoic, mesozoic
4. Precambrian, palaeozoic, mesozoic, cenozoic
Cranial capacity of Homo erectus was
1. 1650 cc
2. 1400 cc
3. 900 cc
4. 650 cc
Scientific name of Java man is
1. Homo habilis
2. Homo sapiens neanderthalensis
3. Homo erectus
4. Australopithecus boisei
Assertion: Life appeared 500 million years after the formation of earth.
Reason: There was no atmosphere on early earth.
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: Whales, bats, cheetah and human share similarities in the pattern of bones of forelimb.
Reason: All of them have humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges.
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: Evolution is not a directed process in the sense of determinism.
Reason: Evolution is a stochastic process based on chance events in nature and chance mutation in the organism.
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: The essence of Darwinian theory about evolution is natural selection.
Reason: Branching descent and natural selection are the two key concepts of Darwinian theory.
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: The total genes and their alleles in a population are called gene pool.
Reason: The gene pool remains a constant in a population.
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: According to Hardy-Weinberg principle, allele frequencies in a population are stable and is constant from generation to generation.
Reason: Disturbance in genetic equilibrium or Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium would be interpreted as resulting inevolution.
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: When migration of a section of population to another place occurs it is called gene flow.
Reason: If gene flow happens multiple times, it is called gene migration.
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: The amphibian evolved into reptiles.
Reason: Reptiles lay thick shelled eggs which do not dryup in sun like those of amphibians.
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: About 350 million years or so, reptiles of different shapes and size dominated on earth.
Reason: Some of land reptiles went back into water to evolve into fish like reptiles probable 200 mya (e.g. Icthyophis).
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both assertion and reason are false.
Age of fossils was previously determined by radioactive elements. More precise recent method which has led to revision of evolutionary periods is (AIMPT/NEET 2007)
1. Study of carbohydrate and protein in fossils
2. Study of conditions of fossilisation
3. Electron spin resonance and fossil DNA
4. Presence of carbohydrate and protein in rocks
Fossils are dated by (AIMPT/NEET 2007)
1. Amount of calcium
2. Radioactive carbon content
3. Association with mammals
4. Stratigraphic age
During development mammalian heart is initially twochambered, then three chambered and finally four chambered. It is explained by (AIMPT/NEET 2007)
1. Biogenetic law
2. Hardy-Weinbery law
3. Mendelism
4. Lamarckism
A high density elephant population in an area will result in (AIMPT/NEET 2007)
1. Mutualism
2. Predation on one another
3. Interspecific competition
4. Intraspecific competition
Select the correct statement. (AIMPT/NEET 2007)
1. Darwinian variations are small and directionless
2. Mutations are random and directionless
3. Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature
4. All mammals except whales and camels have seven cervical vertebrae.
Which one is not vestigial in humans? (AIMPT/NEET 2007)
1. Third molar
2. Coccyx
3. Segmental abdominal muscles
4. Finger nails
Among human ancestors, brain size was more than 1000 cc in (AIMPT/NEET 2007)
1. Homo erectus
2. Home habilis
3. Homo neanderthalensis
4. Ramapithecus
The first organisms were (AIMPT/NEET 2007)
1. Chemoautotrophs
2. Chemoheterotrophs
3. Autotrophs
4. Eukaryotes
Concept of chemical evolution of life is based on (AIMPT/NEET 2007)
1. Effect of solar radiations on chemicals
2. Interaction of water, air and clay under intense heat
3. Combination of chemicals under hot moist environment conditions
4. Crystallisation of chemicals
Finches of Galapogos provide evidence for (AIMPT/NEET 2007)
1. Retrogressive evolution
2. Special creation
3. Biogeographical evolution
4. Evolution due to mutation
Two species of different geneology show resemblance due to similar adaptation. The phenominon is (AIMPT/NEET 2007)
1. Convergent evolution
2. Divergent evolution
3. Micro-evolution
4. Co-evolution
Adaptive radiation is (AIMPT/NEET 2007)
1. Evolution of different species from a common ancestor
2. Adaptation due to geographical isolation
3. Migration of members of a species to different geographical areas
4. Power of adaptation of an individual to a variety of environments
What is common to Whale, Seal and Shark? (AIMPT/NEET 2007)
1. Homoiothermy
2. Seasonal migration
3. Thick subcutaneous fat
4. Convergent evolution
Match the pair of items with the category of organs. (AIMPT/NEET 2008)
1. Nephridia of Earthworm and Malpighian tubules of Cockroach - excretory organ
2. Wings of Honey Bee and Crow-Homologous organs
3. Nictitating membrane and blind spot in human eye—Vestigial organs
4. Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita-Analogous organs
Highest cranial capacity has been in (AIMPT/NEET 2008)
1. Peking Man
2. Java Man
3. Modern Man
4. Handy Man
Which of the following was formed in S.Miller's experiment? (AIMPT/NEET 2008)
1. Microspheres
2. Nucleic acids
3. Amino acids
4. UV radiations
Tendrils of Cucurbita and thorns of Bougainvillea are (AIMPT/NEET 2008)
1. Homologous organs
2. Analogous organs
3. Vestigeal organs
4. Ataviatic divergence
Which one of the following is closest relative of Man? (AIMPT/NEET 2009)
1. Sinanthropus/Chimpanzee
2. Orangutan
3. Gorilla
4. Gibbon
Which ones are not analogous organs? (AIMPT/NEET 2009)
1. Wings of birds and wings of butterfly
2. Eye of Octopus and eye of mammals
3. Flippers of penguins and flippers of Dolphin
4. Thors of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita
Origin of first toothed birds and gymnosperms occurred during (AIMPT/NEET 2009)
1. Cretaceous
2. Jurassic
3. Triassic
4. Permian
A living connecting link that provides evidence of organic evolution is (AIMPT/NEET 2009)
1. Sphenodon between reptiles and birds
2. Archaeopteryx between reptiles and birds
3. Lung fishes between pisces and reptiles
4. Duck-billed Platypus between reptiles and mammals
Which is incorrect? (AIMPT/NEET 2010)
1. J.B.S. Haldane-Law of continuity of germplasm
2. Louis Pasteur-Germ theory of disease and immunology
3. De Vries—Mutation theory
4. Lemaitre—Big bang theory
Darwin's finches show (AIMPT/NEET 2010)
1. Adaptive radiation
2. Parallel evolution
3. Homology
4. Natural selection
Given below are four statements (a—d) with one or two blanks. Select the option which fills up the blanks in two statements. Statements: (AIMPT/NEET 2010)

(a) Wings of butterfly and birds look alike and are the result of ...(i)... evolution.
(b) Miller showed that CH4, H, NH, and ...(i).. when exposed to electric discharge in a flask resulted in the formation of ...(ii)... evidence of evolution.
(c) Vermiform appendix is a ...(i)...organ and ...(ii)..
(d) According to Darwin evolution look place due to..(i)...and ... (ii) of the fittest.
1. d - (i) small variations, (ii) survival,
  a-(i) convergent
2. a - (i) convergent, b (i) oxygen, (ii) nucleolides
3. b - (i) water vapours (ii) amino acids, c-(i) rudimentary (ii) anatomical
4. c - (i) vestigial (ii) anatomical,
  d - (i) mutations (ii) multiplication.
Single step large mutation leading to speciation is (AIMPT/NEET 2010)
1. Founder effect
2. Adaptive radiation
3. Saltation
4. Natural selection
Occurrence of non-beneficial alleles in heterozygous genotype is (AIMPT/NEET 2011)
1. Genetic load
2. Genetic drift
3. Gene flow
4. Selection
Tendrils in plants are an example of (AIMPT/NEET 2011)
1. Adaptive radiation
2. Coevolution
3. Convergent evolution
4. Divergent evolution
The most apparent change during the evolutionary history of Homo sapiens is traced in (AIMPT/NEET 2012)
1. Shortening of jaws
2. Remarkable increase in brain size
3. Loss of body hair
4. Walking upright
The tendency of population to remain in genetic equilibrium may be disturbed by (AIMPT/NEET 2013)
1. Lack of mutations
2. Lack of random mating
3. Random mating
4. Lack of migration
Variation in gene frequencies within populations can occur by chance rather than by natural selection. This is referred to as (AIMPT/NEET 2013)
1. Random mating
2. Genetic load
3. Genetic flow
4. Genetic drift
The process by which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to a common environmental challenge, is called (AIMPT/NEET 2013)
1. Non-random evolution
2. Adaptive radiation
3. Natural selection
4. Convergent evolution
The eye of octopus and eye of cat show different patterns of structure, yet they perform similar function. This ie example of (AIMPT/NEET 2013)
1. Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution
2. Analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution
3. Homologous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution
4. Homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution
Which one of the following are analogous structures? (AIMPT/NEET 2014)
1. Flippers of Dolphin and Legs of Horse
2. Wings of Bat and Wings of Pigeon
3. Gills of Prawn and Lungs of Man
4. Thorns of Bougainvillea and Tendrils of Cucurbita
Forelimbs of cat, lizard used in walking; forelimbs of whale used in swimming and forelimbs of bats used in flying are an example of (AIMPT/NEET 2014)
1. Convergent evolution
2. Analogous organs
3. Adaptive radiation
4. Homologous organs
"Struggle for existence and survival of the fittest" is associated with (AIMPT/NEET 2015)
1. Lamarckism
2. Mendelism
3. Darwinism
4. Neo Lamarckism
Biogenetic law was proposed by (AIMPT/NEET 2015)
1. Von Baer
2. Haeckel
3. Swammerdam
4. de Vries
Industrial melanism is an example of (AIMPT/NEET 2015)
1. Natural selection
2. Mutation
3. Neo Lamarckism
4. Neo Darwinism
The wings of a bird and the wings of an insect are (AIMPT/NEET 2015)
1. Analogous structures and represent convergent evolution
2. Phylogenetic structures and represent divergent evolution
3. Homologous structures and represent convergent evolution
4. Homologous structures and represent divergent evollution
Which of the following characteristics is mainly responsible for diversification of insects on land? (AIMPT/NEET 2015)
1. Exoskeleton
2. Eyes
3. Segmentation
4. Bilateral symmetry
Which of the following had the smallest brain capacity? (AIMPT/NEET 2015)
1. Homo neanderthalensis
2. Homo habilis
3. Homo erectus
4. Homo sapiens
Which of the following best explains the origin of life on earth? (AIMPT/NEET 2015)
1. Formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents
2. Unit of life called spores were transferred to different planets including earth
3. Organic matter was present in the atmosphere
4. Life came out of decaying and rotting matter.
Saltation is (AIMPT/NEET 2015)
1. Minor heritable variation
2. Directional random mutation
3. Single step large mutation
4. Small directional variation
Mechanism of organic evolution proposed by Hugo de Vries is based upon (2016 Phase-I)
1. Oenothera lamarkiana
2. Pisum sativum
3. Drosophila
4. Lathyrus
Analogous structures are a result of (2016 Phase-I)
1. Shared ancestry
2. Stabilizing selection
3. Divergent evolution
4. Convergent evolution
Following are the two statements regarding the origin of life. (2016 Phase-I)
(a) The earliest organisms that appeared on the earth were non-green and presumably anaerobes.
(b) The first autotrophic organisms were the chemoautotrophs that never released oxygen.
Of the above statements, which one of the following options is correct.
1. Both (a) and (b) are correct.
2. Both (a) and (b) are false.
3. (a) is correct but (b) is false.
4. (b) is correct but (a) is false.
The cranial capacity was largest among the (AIIMS 2002)
1. Peking man
2. African man
3. Java Ape man
4. Neanderthal man
A baby has been born with a small tail. It is the case exhibiting (AIIMS 2004)
1. retrogressive evolution
2. mutation
3. atavism
4. metamorphosis
Primary source of allelic variation is (AIIMS 2005)
1. independent assortment
2. recombination
3. mutation
4. polyploidy
“Homo sapiens” implies (AIIMS 2007)
1. human race
2. human beings
3. modern man
4. none of these
Wings of pigeon, mosquito and bat show (AIIMS 2007)
1. divergent evolution
2. atavism
3. convergent evolution
4. all of these
The study of homologous structures in mature organisms provides evidence for the evolutionary relationships among certain groups of organisms. Which field of study includes this evidence of evolution?
(AIIMS 2009)
1. Comparative cytology
2. Biochemistry
3. Geology
4. Comparative anatomy
Darwin's finches were a good example of (AIIMS 2009)
1. convergent evolution
2. adaptive radiation
3. mutation
4. none of these
Which of the following cannot be explained by Lamarckism? (AIIMS 2012)
1. Absence of lips in snakes
2. Long neck of giraffe
3. Degeneration of visual apparatus in cave dwellers
4. Dull progeny of noble laureate
Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita are example of (AIIMS 2013)
1. analogous organs
2. homologous organs
3. vestigial organs
4. retrogressive evolution
Forelimbs of cat, lizard used in walking; forelimbs of whale used in swimming and forelimbs of bats used in flying are an example of (AIIMS 2014)
1. Analogous organs
2. Adaptive radiation
3. Homologous organs
4. Convergent evolution
A population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene with only two alleles. If the gene frequency of anallele A is 0.7, the genotype frequency of Aa is (AIIMS 2014)
1. 0.21
2. 0.42
3. 0.36
4. 0.7
Which one of the following is reptilian ancestor of birds? (AIIMS 2015)
1. Hesperornis
2. Ichthyornis
3. Archaeopteryx
4. Lycaenops
Assertion: Among the primates, chimpanzee is the closest relative of the present day humans.
Reason: The banding pattern in the autosome numbers 3 and 6 of man and chimpanzee is remarkably similar. (AIIMS 2004)
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If the assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both the assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: Natural selection is the outcome of differences in survival and reproduction among individuals that show variation in one or more traits.
Reason: Adaptive forms of a given trait tend to become more common; less adaptive ones become less common or disappear. (AIIMS 2004)
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If the assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both the assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: Coacervates are believed to be the precursors of life.
Reason: Coacervates were self-duplicating aggregates of proteins surrounded by lipid molecules. (AIIMS 2004)
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If the assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both the assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: Human ancestors never used their tails and so the tail expressing gene has disappeared in them.
Reason: Lamarck's theory of evolution is popularly called theory of continuity of germ plasm. (AIIMS 2005)
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If the assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both the assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: Comparative biochemistry provides a strong evidence in favour of common ancestory of living beings
Reason: Genetic code is universal. (AIIMS 2005)
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If the assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both the assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: Darwin's finches show a variety of beakssuited for eating large seeds, flying insects and cactus seeds.
Reason: Ancestral seed-eating stock of Darwin's finches radiated out from South American mainland to different geographical areas of the Galapagos Islands, where they found competitor-free new habitats. (AIIMS 2005)
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If the assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both the assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: The earliest fossil form in the phylogeny of horse is eohippus.
Reason: Eohippus lived during the early Pliocene epoch. (AIIMS 2007)
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If the assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both the assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: The primitive atmosphere was reducing one i.e., without oxygen.
Reason: In the primitive atmosphere, oxygen was involved in forming ozone. (AIIMS 2009)
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If the assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both the assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: Darwin's finches are a classical example of natural selection.
Reason: Darwin explained that the difference in size and shape of the beaks of the species was a result of the adaptation of the species to different food habits.
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If the assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both the assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: Hardy-Weinberg principle states that in the absence of disturbing influences, gene frequencies of large populations of sexually reproducing organism do not change, provided that matings occur at random.
Reason: The disturbing influences include mutation gene flow, genetic drift, genetic recombination and natural selection. (AIIMS 2016)
1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If the assertion is true but reason is false.
4. If both the assertion and reason are false.